If you like birds or woodlots, you’ll want this book.
February 26, 2012
Every now and then a book comes along which every landowner will want as a reference. The title explains the book’s purpose: A land manager’s guide to conserving habitat for forest birds in southern Ontario, by Dawn Burke, Ken Elliott, Karla Falk, and Teresa Piraino, 2011. What the title fails to convey, however, is just how exquisitely put together this Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources publication is.
On one level it’s a well-illustrated coffee table book. A flip through the volume reveals many pieces of the work of wildlife artist Peter Burke and the contributions of many photographers. The bird portraits are varied and illustrative. For example, a shot by Robert McCaw of a pair of nesting pileated woodpeckers makes the gender distinction between the otherwise-identical birds easy: the male’s red crest continues down to his beak. The female, on the other hand, has a black “moustache.” An image which sticks in my mind is a Ken Elliott shot of the forest-floor nest of an ovenbird. It’s just a dark spot in the leaf cover, but the zoom shows the nest. So much for carefree walks through forest leaves in spring: I could step on one of these and not even realize it.
A later section of the book is set up as a guide to forest-dwelling birds, beginning with my personal favourite, the ruffed grouse. Perhaps the most interesting page is the profile of the yellow-bellied sapsucker. I have long suspected this critter of killing off the odd white birch in my garden by drilling its neat rows of holes for sap and insects, but I hadn’t realized that hummingbirds depend heavily upon sapsuckers for their survival. Apparently the little guys follow sapsuckers around and can’t survive without them. I’d always wondered what happened to the hummingbirds if cottagers forgot to fill those red feeders.
If there’s a villain in the book it’s the cowbird, the biggest natural threat to the survival of songbirds in Ontario. Cowbirds don’t raise their own young. Instead, the female lays up to forty eggs per year in other birds’ nests. Robins and blue jays simply eject the strange eggs and continue nesting. Other birds don’t have that evolutionary advantage, and often raise the fast-maturing cowbird chicks to the detriment of their own smaller and later-maturing offspring. Cowbirds love lawns and closely-grazed pasture. The further the forest-dweller’s nest is from the habitat of the cowbird, the more likely the pair is to raise their young successfully. According to Elliott, that’s a main reason why houses in the woods (with their lawns) are tough on forest birds.
But the main purpose of the book is to provide a primer on forest succession and management of tree harvesting activities to protect or improve bird habitat. In a presentation at the Annual Kemptville Woodlot Conference last week, author Ken Elliott put up slides to illustrate tree growth over the thirty-year period after different harvesting methods. He explained to us that these colour illustrations had to look as good as the rest of the book, so he asked artist Peter Burke to do paintings of each type of tree, then Lyn Thompson and Ken used Photoshop to group the paintings into the denser figures for the blocks on the chart. It wouldn’t hurt to have a magnifying glass at hand when perusing this volume. A great deal of material went into it, so even the small photos hold interest.
For me the most startling illustration in the book is a map of southern Ontario which graphs tree cover. The counties north of Lake Erie show very little green on the map. This is the area which was almost a desert in 1905 when Edmund Zavitz began his lifelong mission to bring it back to health with tree plantings. Even with the 50 Million Trees Program currently under way in Ontario, Essex County still has only 5% tree cover.
Our area of eastern Ontario, on the other hand, boasts 48% tree cover, so our growth area lies in connecting forest patches and managing existing forests to increase the distance of the woodlot core from its edges and marauding cowbirds.
The core of the book’s content deals with harvesting methods in woodlots. Clear cut, shelterwood, group selection, diameter-limit, stand improvement and single-tree selection harvest plans are examined with explanations and graphs indicating the impact of each harvest method on 85 species of forest-dwelling birds. For the forester the critique of each method may prove informative. It appears as though, apart from clear cutting, diameter-limit harvesting is the most damaging to the health of woodlots, yet municipalities regularly legislate diameter limits because they are easy to understand and enforce.
I asked Ken, “Why should woodlot owners be concerned about the bird population of their property?”
“I think the best explanation comes on page 81 of the book. Birds have evolved as a fundamental part of these ecosystems. Although you often don’t see them or what they are doing, they can usually be heard and it should be reassuring to know that the work they do as pollinators, insect predators, seed dispersers, and fungi vectors may be critical to the overall health of forests. On top of this their beauty and elusiveness provide entertainment for many nature enthusiasts and hunters. So although we can’t say what the forest would be like without birds, we do know that having them in the forest provides an important piece of the puzzle and seeing and hearing them is a great reward for those who get time to go exploring in the woods.”
A land manager’s guide… is available in full colour online as a PDF file at http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/Publication/STDPROD_089385.html.
Have a look. Then you can order a hard copy (ISBN 978-1-4435-0097-5) for $15.00 from the Landowner Resource Centre in Manotick.
The Big Bang Theory: four seasons so far
May 22, 2011
After a painstaking analysis of four seasons of the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory, my head is full of the episodes and not much else.
You can’t really watch a sitcom at its regularly scheduled time. Commercials and the week’s distractions get in the way. No, to really watch TV nowadays, one must download the episodes, cue them up on a DVD or memory stick, and then set the player to run them in succession.
It helps the “jacked in” effect if the viewer puts on a good set of sound-excluding headphones to intensify the experience. Then one can enter the alternate universe of the sitcom.
It is no surprise that The Big Bang Theory is the most popular T.V. download on the Internet. It’s a clever, well-written show, even when mainlined in a single sitting.
An episode usually begins with the four friends eating. The sameness of their meals, either in the lunchroom at the university lab in Pasadena where all are employed, or in the living room of roommates Leonard and Sheldon, serves as a springboard for the conversations which largely make up the interest of this program.
Sheldon, the scary-smart physicist, is a thirty-year-old child whose quirks produce much of the action in the series. The other three nerds are saved from typecasting by well-developed back stories, a series of neuroses which gain some viewer sympathy, and uniform anxiety in the presence of women.
Raj, the cosmologist, is so bothered by the presence of a nubile female that he becomes mute unless he has alcohol in his system. Too much alcohol, though, and he has a hard time keeping his clothes on. Raj is not a man of moderation.
Harold, a frail momma’s boy who works as an engineer on NASA projects, is so intimidated by women that he adopts an aggressive, roguish persona which puts everyone off. Harold’s lack of a PHD sets him up as the underdog in the group, but his connections give him access to all sorts of neat toys, from a space toilet he must fix in one episode, to a black ops satellite diverted to photograph models sunbathing, and the Mars Rover, access to the controls of which he uses to get girls until he gets it stuck in a ditch.
The most sympathetic of the four is Leonard, another physicist whose forays into the world of love are hampered by his short stature and a crippling psychologist-mother who seems incapable of affection.
The world of these four friends gains interest with the arrival of the new neighbour, an attractive would-be actress from Nebraska who works as a waitress. Penny quickly discovers she enjoys the free food and companionship of the guys across the hall, and this earthy girl provides a foil to the others, as well as keeping male viewers returning for her loveable ways.
For even though her life is a train wreck of bad relationships and unpaid bills, Penny’s fun to watch and basically generous. Her “Sweetie, …” sentences are often intended to mock the other characters, but we watch each of them grow in confidence under the nurture of this sexually confident, kind woman.
Penny even has moments of heroism. As the only non-nerd in the group, the guys with some embarrassment look to her to deal with bullies. Her responses are often as blunt as a hard kick to the groin, and she quickly gains the respect of the group and the viewers.
Familiar scenes are a big part of sitcoms. The most innovative in Big Bang involves the characters in conversation while climbing nine flights of stairs around the non-functioning elevator shaft to the apartments. Each ascent, of course, is viewed in the context of all of the others, and the directors carefully add little touches of originality. The running gag in the laundry room is Sheldon’s folding fetish. He stretches each item of clothing over this plastic frame to crease it while he carries on a conversation.
The main romantic interest on the show for the first two seasons involves Leonard’s hopeless longing for Penny. Season three dawns with the boys’ return from the Arctic, and Penny practically ravishes Leonard in the hallway. It seems she missed him. Their affair continues throughout the third season, but then Penny opts for friendship only. Raj’s high-flying lawyer-sister leaps into the breach at the beginning of season 4. Raj and Priya’s controlling parents appear by computer video-chat, and Priya turns inside out to avoid revealing to them that she’s seeing Leonard, a white American.
The surprise in seasons three and four is the evolution of the relationship between Sheldon and Penny. Penny’s at her best when mothering Sheldon, and the scenes where he regresses to a childlike state show the warmth that sets this program apart from lesser efforts. Leonard moves into the mix as the nervous surrogate father of this brilliant, wayward child.
So what is the effect of immersing oneself in almost a hundred, 21-minute episodes with this company of fools? Leonard, Sheldon, Penny and Raj have become my friends. Real relationships pale somewhat in contrast. This can’t be good.
Viewed in moderation, however, The Big Bang Theory is an intelligent and very amusing show.
Unilingual at the Experimental Farm
October 15, 2008
One of the most splendid public institutions in Eastern Ontario is the Experimental Farm in Ottawa. Originally conceived as a model farm to demonstrate developments in agriculture such as winter wheat, the farm has continued to fulfill its mandate long after progress should have passed it by. The farm is the city’s jewel, an outpost of spacious greenery in a bustling urban landscape.
Walnut grower Neil Thomas has accumulated data on most stands of black walnuts in Eastern Ontario, and in his opinion the trees on Experimental Farm property near the Civic Hospital are the best he has seen. I dropped by to gather some seed after a morning appointment. Staff encourage the gathering of nuts from these trees, and Ottawa friends have reported seeing tree lovers stuffing the green nuts into shopping bags and baskets, laying in their supply for winter while the squirrels scold from above.
After filling all of the grocery bags I could find in my vehicle, I decided to venture over to the Arboretum in search of a shagbark hickory. Leeds County Stewardship Coordinator Martin Streit found one in our woodlot, but it’s a small, scrawny specimen, locked in a death struggle with a towering walnut and unlikely to survive. Martin told me about the edible nuts this strain of hickory produces, so I thought I might try to plant a few if I could find seeds.
Not quite knowing where to look, I did the logical thing: I flagged down a golf cart and asked the driver. She directed me to the Friends of the Experimental Farm building, in the Arboretum just off the traffic circle south of Dow’s Lake. I wandered through a corridor of offices until someone looked out an open door. I asked if they had any shagbark hickory in the area. Blank look. An obvious language problem. I had no idea how to translate my request, but the pleasant-looking middle-aged man turned to the younger man beside him with a quizzical look. “Carya, I think. Let me look it up.” With me in tow he dashed down the corridor to a sort of closet, where he started rifling through a set of index cards. “Yep, carya ovata, not carya cordiformis. There’s one just outside, across the parking lot. Would you like me to show you?”
Away we went out a side door, and across an open space to a beautifully manicured park with a large shagbark hickory as its centerpiece. The man looked at a tag implanted in the bark on an ingenious spring system anchored by two long brass screws. It listed the tree’s Latin name, as well as the translation into the vulgate, “shagbark hickory” and the year of the tree’s planting.
I asked how often it produces seeds. The guy didn’t know, but pulled down an overhanging branch and showed me some. “Go ahead and pick any you can reach. Check back with me if you need anything.” I offered my surprised thanks, and away he went.
Pockets bulging with hickory nuts, I stumbled back across the parking lot, only to encounter the lady on the golf cart again. I thanked her for the directions and asked if they had any butternuts with seeds in the Arboretum. She gave directions to a couple of trees, but saw my blank look every time she used the word “walk”. Hey, my pockets were bulging with hickory nuts!
Before long we were gliding over the lawns in an electric, four-passenger Club Car, her personal ride at the Experimental Farm, where she is a head hand, Ornamental Gardens division. To my dismay I have lost her name. (Madam, if you read this, please post a comment with your name, and that of the other guy, O.K? I need them for a Review Mirror column. Thanks.) Down a grassy hill we zoomed, fetching up at the bottom next to a small aesculus glabra, or Ohio Buckeye. That’s American for a chestnut, I guess. I picked up a nut on the ground. She nodded, so I tore the thick, spongy husk away, to reveal a bright, chestnut-coloured, uh, chestnut. Cool. She told me you can eat them, as long as you don’t overdo it, at which point they become poisonous because of the high concentration of tannin in the nut.
Off we went on our quest for the perfect caryocar nuciferum, or butternut tree. She stopped at two more carya ovata to show me how the young ones grow.
Conversation veered to heartnuts, so the cart took a detour through a tall stand of spruces to the juglans section. I knew that one. Juglans nigra is the black walnut. What I hadn’t known is how many subspecies of black walnut they have growing at the Arboretum.
A large juglans ailantifolia – that’s a heartnut – graced a small knoll next to a dwarf black walnut and a magnificent full-sized black walnut planted in 1885, according to the tag on the trunk.
I explained my desire to learn how to graft heartnut branches onto black walnut rootstock. My guide led me to believe that it might not be hard to time my grafting with some pruning of the heartnut tree at the Arboretum.
Off to the butternut tree. We passed below a tall bluff with a carefully maintained grassy slope to the river below. Sitting on the railing of a parking lot at the top of the hill were a number of dog owners, tossing frizbees and tennis balls down the slope for their eager retrievers who didn’t mind at all having to race up and down the steep hill. The Arboretum has a leashes-optional policy and the dog owners flock to the exquisite park with their charges.
We arrived at the butternut tree and lo and behold, there were butternuts on the ground under it! I’d never seen this many butternuts in one place before in my life. The squirrels nab them first thing in our area. I guess the grays in the park have so many hickories they haven’t had time yet for butternuts. Whoever mowed the lawn had kindly moved a good quantity of the nuts into a pile out of the way next to the trunk
My guide encouraged me to take them and plant them, so I headed back up the hill to the office and my vehicle with a bagful of butternuts for seed, as well as the hickories, two buckeyes, and one pecan.
My V.I.P. tour of the Arboretum could hardly have been more pleasant or informative. This large, friendly park is truly the jewel in the crown of Ottawa’s green spaces, and I encourage tree-lovers to visit frequently.
The Beast
September 7, 2008
We all make compromises as we go through life. Some things which seemed important turn out less crucial when we weigh their cost, but occasionally there remains a glimmer, a spark, of what might have been.
It started the day I drove my first Volkswagen and it never went away, the fantastical dream, someday, to own a Porsche. Every bump I lurched over in my old Beetle, every corner terrifyingly cut by the back axles tucking under the car – I forgave it because, beneath the rust and flaking paint, it was at heart a Porsche.
My first new car, of course, was a VW Beetle. I had gazed longingly at the green 911 beside it, but it cost ten times what the Beetle did, and the only way I’d ever be able to afford one would be to spend three years in law school, and I just didn’t think it was worth it.
Nevertheless I deferred the decision while I taught for a couple of years. Two weeks of jury duty sickened me on the legal system, so I reconciled myself to a life of VW’s and the teaching career for which I had conceived a sneaky affection. If it was a Porsche and the court room or a VW and a class full of eager kids, then I’d take the Volkswagen and like it because from the beginning I derived an inordinate kick out of messing with teenage minds.
Then I got old and bought my first Toyota, the vehicle for those who don’t like to think about automobiles. My car nerve went numb. This was not without its compensations: I was happier, less stressed, and I gained all of my demerit points back. Police officers smiled at me occasionally. Waves from pedestrians often involved more than one finger. Gas mileage improved dramatically, and Toyotas run very well, even if their steering is, to put it kindly, a bit vague.
And of course, for real driving excitement all I had to do was try to bush-hog the horse pasture with its cadre of sunken boulders waiting beneath the hay, or manoeuvre a load of logs out a convoluted trail in the woods.
The golf cart became my favourite car. I had willingly descended into geezerhood, and then this week, like a bolt of lightning, my car nerve came alive again.
Our son Charlie drove into the yard with a 1988 Porsche 944s. Argh! All those temptations I had let drift away into that fond, vague field of remembrance – they came roaring back with a vengeance and I HAD TO DRIVE THIS CAR! Oh, I was cool about it. I looked it over, nodding at little details, chatting small talk. But it called to me and before long I was sitting in the driver’s seat. The leather bolsters enfolded my spine and muttered in my ear, “Let’s start up and go somewhere far away!”
From the passenger seat Charlie slid the key into the ignition. Well, o.k. What can it hurt? I hit the starter and the beast roared to life. Keeping up the disinterested façade, I asked: “What’s the clutch like?” I didn’t listen to the answer. I knew what it would be like, so I fed fire to the beast and out the lane we moved, smoothly, stalking, hiding beneath the veneer of civility. “Nice car, good air conditioning, no rattles, good ride.” But silently the beast was gripping my spine and saying, “Let’s see what we can do!”
I behaved myself on the way in the Chaffey’s Locks Road, and did my best to impersonate a geezer taking his kid’s new car for a drive. But then I saw a couple of s-turns without any traffic and the beast cut loose. Man, can that car go! It’s not the straight-line acceleration: pretty well any modern car can do that. But the thing corners like, well, like a Porsche. Steering is right there. No vagueness at all. The gearshift is actually a bit tricky if driven moderately. Slam it through a corner at high rev’s though, and it works just right.
It’s been a long time since I have pulled any g’s with a car, but this Porsche left me feeling like that guy with the restored Mustang in the A&W commercial where he takes his wife out for a burger. All the forgotten lusts came rushing back.
I turned the car back to our son, who fortunately doesn’t seem to have inherited his father’s wild streak.
For him the car seems to be a mechanical puzzle to be analyzed and savoured. First thing he did was download the 350 page factory manual onto his laptop. The second was to make friends with a Porsche mechanic. The third was to clean the car.
The rest of the afternoon it sat on jack stands while Charlie inspected the underside for loose fittings and corrosion, spraying with oil as he went.
He no doubt likes the beast: his new Audi continues to sit in our yard while he drives the old one. I know he’s a much better driver than I and I hope he’ll have the sense to keep safe – and hide the Porsche keys from his dad.